Updated: 10/4/23
Do you have any of the symptoms associated with Malabsorption Syndrome? From bloating and gas to abdominal pain, fatigue and irregular bowel movements, sufferers can feel like they are in a never-ending battle with their bodies. This is especially true if your body is not absorbing the nutrients it needs from food. Fortunately, there’s hope! With the right diagnosis by a healthcare professional and lifestyle changes supported by nutritional guidance, relief from Malabsorption Syndrome can be achieved naturally. In this blog post we will explore what causes Malabsorption Syndrome along with top tips on getting your digestive health back on track. Read on to learn more about conquering the debilitating symptoms of malabsorption once and for all!
What is Malabsorption Syndrome?
Malabsorption syndrome is a condition where the body cannot absorb enough nutrients from the food consumed. This condition can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, and a range of other health complications. If you or a loved one is experiencing any symptoms of this condition, it is important to receive a proper diagnosis and treatment plan from a healthcare professional.
It is the low intestinal absorption of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrate, protein or fat. It’s associated with many symptoms, including persistent diarrhea, weight loss, gas, bloating and greasy stools (caused by high fat content).
Mineral and vitamin deficiencies caused by malabsorption syndrome may cause anemia, cheilosis (a dry scaling and fissuring of the angles of the mouth and lip surface) and glossitis (sore tongue).
Chronic diarrhea is usually the first symptom of malabsorption syndrome, prompting people to seek medical attention, but diarrhea doesn’t have to occur for a person to experience malabsorption. Fatty stools (steatorrhea) are also a sign of malabsorption syndrome. Feces may be foul smelling, frothy and may leave a circle of oil on the bathroom water.
The liver and gastrointestinal tracts play vital roles in nutrient digestion and absorption, as well as metabolism. Diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract may seriously upset normal nutrition.
Types of Malabsorption Syndrome
Our digestive system is a complex mechanism that plays a crucial role in breaking down the food we eat into essential nutrients that are absorbed by the body. However, certain disorders can interfere with this process, leading to malabsorption and serious health issues. Malabsorption disorders can affect different nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and bile acids.
Carbohydrate Malabsorption
Carbohydrate malabsorption occurs when the body is unable to break down or absorb specific carbohydrates. The most common type of carbohydrate malabsorption is lactose intolerance, which occurs due to a deficiency of lactase enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Other types of carbohydrate malabsorption disorders include fructose malabsorption, sucrose intolerance, and glucose-galactose malabsorption. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea.
Fat Malabsorption
Fat malabsorption occurs when the body is unable to digest, absorb, or transport fats from the small intestine into the bloodstream. This can be caused by a variety of issues, including pancreatic disorders, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and liver or gallbladder dysfunction. Symptoms include greasy stools, abdominal pain, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies.
Bile Acid Malabsorption
Bile acids are essential for digesting and absorbing fats from food. If the body cannot absorb bile acids properly, it can lead to fat malabsorption, diarrhea, and nutrient deficiencies. Bile acid malabsorption can be caused by various reasons, including inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal surgery, and irritable bowel syndrome. Treatment often involves medication and dietary changes.
Protein Malabsorption
Protein malabsorption occurs when the body cannot digest, absorb, or transport proteins properly. This can be caused by various disorders, including celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, and Crohn’s disease. Symptoms may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss. Protein malabsorption may lead to malnutrition and compromised immune function, so treatment is crucial.
Malabsorption Syndrome Symptoms
The symptoms of malabsorption syndrome depend on the underlying cause, type of nutrient deficiency and how severe the deficiency is. Symptoms may appear quickly or develop gradually and get worse over time.
The body stores certain nutrients, including vitamin B12, and symptoms only occur when reserves are depleted. Symptoms caused by inadequate pancreatic enzymes might not occur until about 90 percent of the production capacity is upset in the body.
Some common symptoms seen with overall malabsorption include:
- Chronic diarrhea
- Failure to thrive (among children)
- Abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and cramps
- Greasy, loose and foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea)
Other symptoms may occur due to overall ill health or specific deficiencies caused by malabsorption syndrome. They can include (x):
- Fatigue, weakness
- Scaly and dry skin, rash
- Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen)
- Glossitis (inflammation of tongue)
- Unexplained weight loss, muscle wasting
- Vomiting and nausea
- Swelling of the legs, feet, and hands (peripheral edema)
- Stomatitis (inflammation of mouth)
- Paleness
- Bone or muscle pain
- Bleeding gums, easy bruising
- Tingling and numbness in the hands and feet
Anemia is another common problem associated with malabsorption syndrome. The disorder hinders the body’s ability to absorb essential vitamins and minerals needed for healthy red blood cells, leading to low hemoglobin levels that cause anemia. Iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies are common causes of anemia. If you’re constantly feeling lightheaded, tired, or weak, you should get tested for anemia.
Causes of Malabsorption Syndrome
Malabsorption syndrome is caused by various diseases. Most of the time, it involves difficulty absorbing certain vitamins, proteins, fats or sugars. It also involves a general problem in absorbing food.
Damage to or problems with the small intestine may lead to difficulty absorbing vital nutrients. These problems can include (x):
- Crohn’s disease
- Celiac disease
- Gluten Intolerance
- Whipple disease
- Topical sprue
- Tapeworm or parasite infection
- Damage caused by radiation treatments
- Inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel disease
- Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
- Surgery that removes part of or the entire small intestine
Enzymes made by the pancreas aid the absorption of fats as well as other nutrients. When these enzymes are running low, it becomes more difficult to absorb some nutrients and fats. Various triggers may cause problems to the pancreas, including surgery to the pancreas, damage to the pancreas, cystic fibrosis and swelling or infections of the pancreas.
Other possible causes of malabsorption syndrome are:
- HIV/AIDS
- Cholestasis
- Gastrectomy and obesity surgeries
- Chronic liver disease
- Intolerance to soy milk
- Intolerance to cow’s milk protein
- Certain medicines (some antacids, tetracycline, some obesity medicines, colchicine, phenytoin, cholestyramine, acarbose)
Malabsorption Syndrome Treatment
Treatment for malabsorption syndrome aims to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms. The treatment of malabsorption syndrome involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause of the condition. For example, in the case of celiac disease, following a strict gluten-free diet can help alleviate the symptoms. In some cases, prescription medication may be required to treat underlying issues such as bacterial overgrowth or lactose intolerance. Supplements such as vitamin B12, iron, and calcium may also be recommended. Treatment plans will be tailored to individual requirements, and it is essential to follow your doctor’s advice to manage and prevent the progression of the condition. The following treatment options may be recommended:
Dietary changes
Depending on the cause of your malabsorption syndrome, your doctor may recommend a specific diet to help your body absorb nutrients more efficiently.
Medications
Depending on your symptoms and underlying condition, your doctor may prescribe medications to help control diarrhea, reduce inflammation, or improve nutrient absorption.
Supplements
If you’re deficient in certain vitamins or nutrients, your doctor may recommend supplements to help replenish your stores.
Surgery
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a part of the digestive tract or repair any damage.
Prevention of Malabsorption Syndrome
Prevention is always better than cure, and there are several steps you can take to guard against malabsorption syndrome.
Chew Food Properly
Not chewing food properly can reduce the level of nutrients absorbed by your body from your diet.
Chewing properly allows your mouth to start the essential digestion process. Your food is broken down into smaller particles, so the fats and carbohydrates in your diet begin to be broken down by the saliva enzymes in your mouth. In addition, the saliva helps move your food smoothly through the intestines.
Eat More Fiber
Adults require not less than 30g of fiber daily from food only, yet most people get only around 15g of fiber a day.
Fiber provides numerous benefits, especially to people with malabsorption syndrome. By increasing your fiber consumption, you enhance digestion and shorten the time food lingers in your digestive system. As a result, your body gets ample time to process as well as absorb essential nutrients.
A fiber-rich diet helps reduces various digestive tract conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome and acid reflux.
Some excellent fiber sources include leafy green vegetables, legumes (kidney beans, black beans, pinto beans) and whole grains (quinoa, sprouted wholegrain bread, and steel-cut oatmeal).
Take Digestive Enzyme Supplements
Digestive enzymes are substances that help the body break down certain nutrients and may help your body absorb more of the vital nutrients from foods.
For carbohydrate absorption, take enzymes like sucrase, lactase (perfect specifically for people with lactose intolerance), cellulase, amylase and maltase. For protein digestion, consider papain and bromelain. And for fat digestion, consider lipase.
Reduce Stress
Stress is invisible, but your digestive tract certainly can feel its impact. When you’re under severe pressure and experiencing anxiety or stress, proper digestion may not happen.
Harvard Medical School suggests that you try cognitive behavioral therapy, hypnosis or relaxation therapy in order to decrease stress and boost digestion. Other de-stressing techniques include deep breathing exercises, yoga and meditation.
Stay Hydrated
Water is essential for the absorption of nutrients in the gut. Dehydration can cause the intestine to become dry and unable to absorb nutrients effectively. Aim to drink at least 8-10 glasses of water every day. You can also drink coconut water, green tea, and other healthy beverages to replenish your body’s fluids.
Supplements for Malabsorption Syndrome
The supplements below can help promote your overall health, thereby helping relieve your malabsorption syndrome symptoms.
Probiotics
One of the most effective supplements for malabsorption syndrome is probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are good for your gut health. They help balance the bacteria in your digestive system, which can improve digestion and reduce inflammation. Probiotics in supplement form can help restore the natural balance of bacteria in your gut, which can be disrupted by malabsorption syndrome. Some of the best probiotic supplements for malabsorption syndrome include Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.
Zinc
Zinc may benefit digestive, reproductive and immune health. It’s also added to toothpastes to maintain gum health.
Take 150 mg of zinc citrate powder up to three times a day. Don’t exceed 450 mg, no matter what.
Calcium
Calcium carbonate is an excellent source of calcium. It consists of calcium, carbon and oxygen.
If you’re supplementing calcium carbonate for calcium deficiency or digestive discomfort, you should research this supplement to find out if it’s right for you.
Take around 1,250 mg of calcium carbonate once or twice daily, depending on your desired effect.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells and proper nerve function. People with malabsorption syndrome are at a higher risk for developing a B12 deficiency, which can cause symptoms like anemia, fatigue, and weakness. Taking a B12 supplement can help to ensure that the body is getting the necessary amount of this vitamin.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D aids calcium absorption and promotes the function of your immune system, muscles and nerves. Moreover, healthy vitamin D levels are linked to a reduced colon cancer risk, according to study done in 2015.
Talk to your healthcare provider about the right daily dosage of vitamin D for you.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3s can help enhance the biodiversity of your gut, according to researchers at King’s College London and University of Nottingham. A digestive tract with rich, diverse bacteria is vital for your overall health.
Take three omega 3-6-9 softgels one to two times a day, or as suggested by your physician.
N-Acetyl Glucosamine
N-Acetyl D-Glucosamine (NAG) helps support the joints. It can also relieve indigestion.
Take 750 mg of N-acetyl glucosamine once or twice a day, or as instructed by your healthcare provider.
L-Glutamine
L-Glutamine is an amino acid that plays a vital role in digestive health. It helps repair intestinal lining and reduces inflammation in the gut. Taking L-Glutamine supplements can be an effective way to manage the symptoms of malabsorption syndrome and promote digestive health
Boswellia
The anti-inflammatory properties of boswellia serrata extract are thought to ease joint pain. The extract also promotes gastrointestinal health.
Take 450 mg of boswellia one to two times a day, or as recommended by a doctor. This supplement is best taken with food.
Marshmallow
Natural anti-inflammatory marshmallow root extract may relieve flu and cold symptoms, including cough and sore throat. It can also ease stomach pain.
The recommended dosage for marshmallow root extract is 1,200 mg, taken 1-2 times daily.
Curcumin
Curcumin is a natural antioxidant that contains anti-inflammatory effects that promote overall health.
Take 1,000mg of curcumin once daily, depending on your intended effect. You should take it with a meal or water.
Ginger
Ginger is a well-known herb that has been used for centuries for digestive health. It contains compounds that can help reduce inflammation and promote healthy digestion. Ginger can also help relieve nausea and soothe an upset stomach. You can consume ginger in different forms, including fresh ginger root, ginger tea, or ginger supplements.
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is a succulent plant that has many health benefits, including aiding in digestion. It contains compounds that can help soothe the digestive tract and promote intestinal health. Aloe vera can be consumed in the form of capsules, tablets or gels that can be added to juices or smoothies.
Peppermint
Peppermint is a herb that has a cooling, soothing effect on the digestive system. It contains compounds that can help relax the muscles of the digestive tract, reduce bloating, and improve digestive function. Peppermint tea, capsules or oils are available for consumption.
Slippery Elm
Slippery elm is an herb that is rich in soluble fiber, which can help soothe the digestive tract and improve bowel function. It can also help reduce inflammation and promote healing of the gut lining. Slippery elm is available as capsules, powders or teas.
The Bottom Line
Malabsorption syndrome occurs when your body is unable to digest and absorb food correctly, depriving your body of essential nutrients required for sustenance and growth. This disorder is often by symptoms like unusual weight loss and persistent diarrhea.
Many conditions can cause malabsorption syndrome. In most cases, malabsorption has to do with difficulty absorbing certain fats, sugars, vitamins or proteins. It may also have to do with an overall issue with absorbing food. Conditions that can make the small intestine unable to absorb vital nutrients include celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, tropical sprue, Whipple disease, excessive growth of bacteria in your small bowel and tapeworm or parasite infection.
Symptoms of malabsorption syndrome can be mild or severe and normally occur in the digestive tract, where absorption of nutrients is supposed to take place. These digestive tract symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, gas and cramps, as well as chronic diarrhea. Other malabsorption symptoms include fatty, loose, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea) and failure to thrive (among kids).
Malabsorption syndrome can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right combination of medical care and supplements, it can be possible to alleviate some of the symptoms. For exampled, digestive enzymes, vitamin and mineral supplements, probiotics, essential fatty acids, and herbal supplements are just some of the supplements that may be beneficial for people with malabsorption syndrome. Always speak to your doctor or a registered dietitian before starting any new supplement as they can advise on the right dose and type of supplements that are right for you. By taking a comprehensive approach to treatment, you can manage your symptoms and improve your overall health and well-being.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease
