Updated: 10/5/23
Prostatitis is a common inflammatory condition of the prostate gland that can cause an array of uncomfortable symptoms, such as pelvic or lower abdominal pain, burning with urination and frequent urge to void. Though prostatitis has many potential causes, it most often results from bacterial infection and requires proper medical treatment for successful resolution. Thankfully, there are simple yet effective steps men can take in order to actively enhance their prostate health and even fight off prostatitis-causing bacteria. From lifestyle changes to natural remedies, you can have better control over your own prostate health – read on to learn more about these helpful strategies!
What is Prostatitis?
Prostatitis is a condition that causes swelling in a male patient’s prostate glands below the bladder. The prostate gland produces semen that nourishes and transports sperm. Although this condition occurs in men of all ages, it is more common in men younger than 50. Prostatitis makes it difficult to urinate and it may cause other symptoms including pain in the pelvic area, the groin or the genitals. The pain may occur gradually or very suddenly. It may improve on its own or the patient may require medication. Prostatitis can cause complications with fertility and dysfunction. Abscesses may develop on the gland and the patient may suffer from a bacterial infection in the blood.
Symptoms of Prostatitis
There are different forms of prostatitis with distinct symptoms and causes. Specifically, there are four different types: chronic prostatitis, chronic bacterial, acute bacterial and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis.
Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS)
This is the most common type of prostatitis, representing more than 90 percent of cases. However, chronic prostatitis is not a result of a bacterial infection. There are two types: inflammatory and noninflammatory. In the former, the patient has white blood cells in the urine, prostate secretions and semen. But it does not cause any obvious signs of infection. In the latter, the patient does not have white blood cells in secretions and they do not show signs of infection.
It can cause chronic pain in the lower abdomen, scrotum, penis or perineum. Symptoms include painful urination and painful ejaculation. The patient also has a frequent urge to urinate and inability to hold it, but the urine stream is weak.
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
This type is not very common. It develops from a bacterial infection. It can develop from acute bacterial prostatitis or a urinary tract infection (UTI). The symptoms last for a long period of time and they may come and go. Symptoms include lower back pain, pain in the rectum, painful urination and pain after ejaculation. The patient also has an urgent need to urinate, especially at night and the urine may be stained with blood. The urine stream is weak or difficult because of blockage.
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Also uncommon, acute bacterial prostatitis develops very suddenly from an infection that spreads from the bladder, kidneys or urinary tract to the prostate glands. It causes fever, chills, difficult and painful urination, cloudy urine and pain on the base of the penis or behind the scrotum.
Asymptomatic Inflammatory Prostatitis
Unlike other types, men with asymptomatic prostatitis have inflammation in the prostate gland, but do not show any symptoms. There are white blood cells, but usually the patient discovers them during a medical examination for a separate condition, such as dysfunction.
Complications from Prostatitis
There are several complications associated with prostatitis including dysfunction or infertility and inflammation in the reproductive organs. It may also cause abscesses in the prostate glands or a bacterial infection in the blood. In rare cases, prostatitis can lead to sepsis, a severe and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection that spreads throughout the body. Symptoms of sepsis include fever, chills, rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, and confusion. It is essential to seek immediate medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms while living with prostatitis.
Can Prostatitis Cause UTI?
Prostatitis refers to the inflammation of the prostate gland, a male reproductive organ located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. One of the symptoms of prostatitis is frequent or painful urination. Sometimes, prostatitis may also cause UTIs. When the prostate gland becomes inflamed, it may harbor bacteria that interfere with the urinary tract’s normal bacterial balance. This environment can lead to the growth of harmful bacteria in the urinary tract, resulting in a UTI.
What Triggers Prostatitis?
This condition can be acute, chronic, or asymptomatic. While the causes of prostatitis are not entirely clear, research has shown that certain factors increase the risk of developing this condition.
Bacterial Infection
One of the most common causes of prostatitis is bacterial infection. This occurs when bacteria from the urethra or bladder travels to the prostate gland, leading to inflammation and swelling. Some of the bacteria responsible for prostatitis include E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CPPS)
CPPS is a condition that affects men and is often the leading cause of chronic prostatitis. The exact cause of CPPS is still unknown, but it is thought to be a result of muscular dysfunction or neurological factors. This condition can cause pain and discomfort that extends beyond the prostate gland and affects the whole pelvic region.
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are quite common in both men and women. However, men with UTIs are more prone to developing prostatitis. This is because the urethra in men is longer, and bacteria have to travel further to reach the bladder and prostate gland.
Urinary Tract Abnormalities
Urinary tract abnormalities such as an enlarged prostate gland, bladder outlet obstruction, and urethral stricture can increase the risk of developing prostatitis. These conditions can cause urine to remain in the bladder, increasing the risk of bacterial growth and infection. Men with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes or HIV, which weaken the immune system, are at greater risk of developing prostatitis.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Some STIs like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea can lead to prostatitis. These infections affect the prostate gland directly or indirectly through the urethra. When left untreated, STIs can cause inflammation and permanent damage to the prostate gland.
Injury and Trauma
Injuries such as falls or physical trauma can lead to prostatitis. The prostate is a sensitive gland that is easily traumatized, leading to inflammation and swelling, even after minor injuries. Hence, physical injuries to the glands or the pelvic area can potentially cause prostatitis.
Genetics
Studies suggest that genetics may play a role in the development of prostatitis. Men with a family history of this condition are more likely to develop it themselves. This genetic component increases the likelihood of having an over-reactive immune system, making it susceptible to inflammation and prostate-related problems.
Medical Procedures
Some medical procedures like a catheterization or a biopsy can cause prostatitis. This is due to the introduction of bacteria into the prostate, leading to inflammation and swelling.
Risk Factors for Prostatitis
There are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of contracting acute prostatitis, including:
- Urinary tract infections
- Poor diet
- Stress
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Sexually transmitted infections (STI)
- Urinary catheters
- Pelvic injury
- HIV/AIDS
- Prostate biopsies
- Problems with the urinary tract
- Anal intimacy
On the other hand, different risk factors may increase the likelihood of chronic prostatitis. It usually occurs in middle-aged patients between 30 and 50 and patients with other abdominal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). If a patient has had prostatitis in the past, it increases the risk of developing it again. Patients who have also suffered from abuse may be at a greater risk.
Diagnosing Prostatitis
Diagnosis usually requires a physical exam and medical tests. The tests often aim to rule out other health conditions with similar symptoms. The doctor will also ask about the patient’s medical history or family history to determine if they have any risk factors for prostatitis.
Physical Exam
The doctor will examine the patient to check for urethral discharge, inflammation or swelling in the lymph nodes in the groin and inflammation in the scrotum. Typically, the doctor performs a rectal exam. The patient bends over a table or lies down on their side with the knees pulled close to the chest. Then the doctor examines part of the prostate through the rectum. Doctors perform this test to determine if the prostate is enlarged, tender or has any other abnormalities that may require additional tests.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
Doctors may perform additional tests to confirm the diagnosis, including blood tests, urinalysis and cystoscopy. The doctor may also perform a biopsy, semen analysis, ultrasound and urodynamic tests.
Blood Test
Usually patients undergo a blood test first to detect problems with the prostate gland. The doctors can measure levels of a protein that only exists in the prostate gland, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Physicians also perform this test to rule out prostate cancer.
Urinalysis
In a urinalysis, doctor tests a urine sample for signs of infection. The patient may need to provide two or three samples and the doctor will massage the prostate in between urination streams. If there are only signs of infection in the first sample, the infection is probably in the urethra. But if there are signs of infection in the second or third sample, the infection is most likely in the prostate.
Urodynamic Tests
Urodynamic tests are a series of procedures that determine how effectively the bladder and urethra store and release urine. If it does not hold urine effectively or release it steadily and completely, it may be a sign of infection. The test may measure bladder pressure and how fast the bladder releases urine. Another test may measure how much urine remains in the bladder after urination.
Cystoscopy
In this medical exam, doctors use a device called a cystoscope to check the inside of the urethra and the bladder. The doctor inserts the device into the urinary tract through the opening of the penis.
Abdominal & Transrectal Ultrasound
In an ultrasound, a physician uses a transducer to create an image of different organ structures. An abdominal ultrasound creates the image over the abdomen, but for a transrectal ultrasound, the doctor inserts the device into the rectum next to the prostate. The procedure helps check for signs of abnormalities and infection in the prostate glands.
Biopsy
For a biopsy, the doctor takes small tissue samples of the prostate glands for examination in a lab. The urologist uses imaging technologies to insert the biopsy needle into the prostate gland.
Semen Analysis
As the name suggests, this procedure measures the amount and quality of semen and sperm. The physician gives a patient a container and asks him to collect a semen sample. The doctor takes it to a lab to inspect it for blood or signs of infection.
Can Prostatitis Be Cured?
It is essential to understand that prostatitis can be classified into different types based on their causes and symptoms. This includes acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. The type of prostatitis that you have will determine the possible treatment options and the duration of treatment. Acute bacterial prostatitis can be cured with antibiotics, while other types may need longer medical intervention and lifestyle changes.
Prostatitis Treatment
The treatment approach for prostatitis depends on its type. Acute bacterial prostatitis can be treated with antibiotics lasting four to six weeks. If the symptoms are severe, the patient may be hospitalized. Chronic bacterial prostatitis can also be treated with antibiotics, but the duration can last up to three months. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be managed with a combination of medication, lifestyle modifications, and therapies such as biofeedback and acupuncture. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis does not require treatment unless there are associated symptoms.
Lifestyle Modifications
Along with medications, lifestyle modifications can help manage prostatitis symptoms. Drinking plenty of water can help flush bacteria out of the urinary system. Avoiding spicy foods and alcohol can help reduce inflammation in the prostate gland. Maintaining good prostate health by regular exercise, reducing stress levels, and preventing STDs can also prevent prostatitis.
Alternative Remedies for Prostatitis
Patients with chronic prostatitis may benefit from alternative remedies combined with traditional medical treatment. Taking a warm bath or applying heat therapy with a heating pad or a hot water bottle may help ease discomfort. Physical therapy may be useful as well, including kegel exercises or myofascial release. Some patients may also find relief through relaxation exercises, phytotherapy or acupuncture. Patients should use alternative remedies with a doctor’s permission in conjunction with the medical treatment that the physician advises.
Can Prostatitis Lead to Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. It occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the prostate gland, leading to the formation of a tumor. But can prostatitis cause prostate cancer? The answer is no. Although both conditions affect the prostate gland, there is no proven link between prostatitis and prostate cancer. In fact, most men with prostatitis do not develop prostate cancer, and most men with prostate cancer do not have prostatitis. It is essential to note that having prostatitis does not increase your risk of developing prostate cancer.
Supplements for Prostate Health
Dietary supplements may also help reduce symptoms of prostatitis. They can also help benefit overall health, including prostate health. However, they are not designed to cure any medical condition. But with other forms of treatment, they may be able to keep the body healthy to fight infection.
Quercetin
Quercetin is a natural plant compound in blueberries, red wine and kale. It is a flavonoid, which is a component in fruits and vegetables that gives them their color. They also help protect the plants from threats and when humans eat them, they receive the same benefits. Quercetin is known for its antioxidant properties that can prevent free radical damage from poor quality food, pollution and possibly even heart disease. According to studies, this compound may even help relieve pain from prostatitis and improve patients’ quality of life.
The suggested dosage for quercetin dihydrate powder is between 250 and 500 mg once or twice a day. This drug interacts with other supplements, especially vitamin C supplements. This product is safe for consumption, but side effects may include headache, upset stomach and sores in the mouth.
Physicians do not recommend this supplement for patients with high blood pressure or those who have problems with blood clots. Also, patients who take antibiotic medications or receive hormone replacement therapy should discuss supplementation with a physician. Avoid using quercetin during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Berberine
Berberine is an alkaloid present in different plants that people have used as a traditional form of medicine for hundreds of years. It may be effective for diabetes and high cholesterol, as well as bacterial infections. As a dietary supplement, take 500 mg of berberine HCL powder twice a day for no more than three months unless a doctor approves it. This product may lower blood pressure, so patients with diabetes or similar conditions should make sure to consult a doctor before taking it. Berberine supplements are not safe for young children, pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Curcumin
Curcumin is a component of turmeric, which is a type of ginger. Apart from its role in cooking, it also has a history of aiding illnesses. Research states that it has anti-inflammatory properties to help enhance liver health and avoid liver-related illnesses. It may also help reduce the risk of cancer by interfering with a specific type of protein synthesis. It also releases antioxidants that can protect the body from damage and neutralize free radicals.
The healthy dosage for curcumin 95% natural turmeric extract powder is no more than 1,000 mg per day, with a doctor’s permission. Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult a doctor before taking this supplement. It may not be safe for those who are allergic to ginger, taking medication or have high blood pressure. Seek advice from a medical professional.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is an important nutrient for overall health, including prostate health. Studies have shown that men with low levels of vitamin D are more likely to develop prostate cancer. Vitamin D works by regulating cell growth and division, which can help to prevent the development of cancer cells. Vitamin D also helps to strengthen the immune system, which can help to ward off infections and other health problems.
Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in prostate health. Studies have shown that men with low levels of zinc are more likely to develop prostate problems, including prostate cancer. It works by regulating the production of male hormone, a hormone that can contribute to prostate problems when it’s produced in excess. Zinc also helps to reduce inflammation in the prostate gland, which can contribute to the development of prostate problems.
Saw Palmetto
Saw palmetto plants grow in Florida and southern California. Indigenous groups use the plant therapeutically to treat urinary tract problems, cough and male infertility. It may be a natural treatment option for an enlarged prostate and reduce symptoms. It reduces inflammation. Saw palmetto may be an effective tool to support men’s overall health. The recommended serving size for saw palmetto extract is 500 mg per day, or following a physician’s instructions.
Saw palmetto is not recommended for patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding. In addition, it may not be safe for patients with liver or pancreas diseases or those who use blood thinners. Stop using this product if it causes vomiting, nausea, headaches, constipation or dizziness. Consult a doctor before using the product to ensure safety.
Pygeum
Pygeum is a natural supplement derived from the bark of the African cherry tree. It has been used for centuries to promote prostate health. Pygeum contains phytochemicals that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It helps in reducing inflammation and can alleviate symptoms of an enlarged prostate. Pygeum can also improve urinary flow and enhance function.
Fish Oil
Fish oil supplements are rich in omega-3 fatty acids that have numerous health benefits. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce inflammation in the prostate. Studies suggest that fish oil can also reduce the risk of prostate cancer. You can take fish oil supplements or include fatty fish like salmon, tuna, and sardines in your diet.
Bee Pollen
Bee pollen is rich in vitamins, proteins, amino acids and minerals. It contains essential amino acids like tryptophan, lysine and leucine. It has beta-carotene, biotin and folic acid. Some of its minerals include calcium, magnesium, potassium and zinc. It also has essential fatty acids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Bee pollen may be an effective antioxidant to reduce inflammation and help fight bacterial and fungal infections, including pneumonia and candida. Researchers think it may even help reduce the risk of cancer.
As a dietary supplement, the recommended dosage for bee pollen powder is 1,000 mg up to three times per day with food. Patients with an allergy to bee pollen should avoid this product. Seek immediate medical attention if it causes swelling and shortness of breath. It may not be safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding and it may cause bleeding in combination with blood thinners.
Oregano
Oregano is a plant that grows in dry, warm climates, such as the Mediterranean region. The Greek oregano plant is one type of Mediterranean oregano and it has several different therapeutic purposes. It contains carvacrol, which is a natural phenol that fights fungal inflammation and urinary tract infections, which may be useful for patients with prostatitis. It also protects the body from bacteria and increase white blood cell protection for immune defense. Oregano may also be an effective pain reliever. As a dietary supplement, take 500 mg of oregano extract powder one to three times per day, after consulting a physician. It may cause an upset stomach or an allergic reaction as a topical. Patients with allergies to related plants—basil, lavender, sage, mint, etc.—should not take it. It is also not safe for pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Probiotics
Probiotics are a type of beneficial bacteria that live in your gut. They help to support a healthy digestive system, which is important for overall health, including prostate health. Probiotics work by helping to maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the gut. This supports the immune system, which can help to reduce the risk of infections and other health problems that can affect the prostate gland.
Bottom Line
Prostatitis is a condition that causes swelling in the prostate glands. It causes symptoms such as urgent and painful urination, weak urine stream and painful ejaculation. There are four different types of prostatitis—chronic, acute bacterial, chronic bacterial and asymptomatic inflammatory. Each form has a different cause and different method for treatment. Patients may require antibiotics to get rid of the infection and alternative remedies may also help, such as applying heat and physical therapy.
Taking supplements for prostate health is one of the steps that men can take to maintain a healthy prostate. The supplements discussed in this blog post, including saw palmetto, zinc, vitamin D, probiotics, and pygeum, have all been shown to have benefits for prostate health. However, it’s important to remember that supplements are not a substitute for a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a healthy diet. If you’re concerned about your prostate health, talk to your doctor to determine the best course of action for you.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease
