Updated: 9/22/23
Do you experience chronic pain and other symptoms of endometriosis, or know someone who does? If so, you’re not alone – an estimated 176 million women worldwide suffer from the condition. Fortunately, some natural options exist to provide relief and healing without relying on prescription medications or invasive treatments. In this post, we’ll look at several strategies that can help reduce the symptoms associated with endometriosis and improve your overall wellbeing. From self-care habits to different types of therapy, we’ll explore a variety of ways to get back in balance. Keep reading to learn more!
What is Endometriosis?
Endometriosis is a painful condition in which the endometrium tissue grows outside of the uterus instead of inside it. The condition most commonly affects the ovaries, the tissue lining the pelvis and the Fallopian tubes. In rare cases, endometrial tissue can spread outside the pelvic organs. The dislodged endometrial tissue continues to thicken, fall apart and shed with every monthly cycle. However, the displaced tissue can’t find a way to leave the body, so it gets trapped. When endometriosis affects the ovaries, cysts called endometriomas can develop. Surrounding tissue can become irritated, eventually developing adhesions and scar tissue.
Endometriosis may cause pain—often severe—particularly during menstruation, causing the patient to have very painful periods. It can also cause fertility problems. Endometriosis affects about 11 percent of women in the United States between the ages of 15 and 44. Around the world it affects 6 to 10 percent of women of childbearing age. Around 30 to 40 percent of women who suffer from endometriosis may experience difficulties with fertility. If any patient suffers from this condition, they are definitely not alone. Thankfully, there are effective treatment methods out there.
Endometriosis Stages
There are four types or stages of endometriosis, ranging from minimal to severe. There are various factors that classify each stage, including the number, size, depth and location of the endometrial implants.
- Minimal (Stage 1) – a few endometrial implants on the membrane that lines the abdomen
- Mild (Stage 2) – implants and cysts on the ovaries, which can break and spread to the pelvic cavity
- Moderate (Stage 3) – implants are deep within the pelvic lining, potentially involving the uterus
- Severe (Stage 4) – deep implants in the pelvic cavity as well as outside of it. It may spread to the bowels, the appendix, the diaphragm, the heart and lungs. The implants may even spread to the patient’s brain
Endometriosis Symptoms
Other medical conditions like ovarian cysts, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and pelvic inflammatory disease can mimic endometriosis symptoms. With many patients, endometriosis symptoms progress slowly and develop over several years. Each patient may experience a different level of pain, which may make the condition difficult to diagnose. It is essential that you pay attention to the early signs of endometriosis, especially if you are a woman of reproductive age.
Severe Pain
The main symptom of endometriosis is extreme pain. It usually starts in the lower stomach area and intensifies during sexual intercourse, menstruation, urination and bowel movements. As the pain intensifies, it can begin to spread through the lower abdomen, legs and back. Patients describe the pain as very intense and painful period cramps.
One of the primary symptoms of endometriosis is chronic pelvic pain that often worsens during menstruation. This pain can also occur during sex, bowel movements, and urination. The pain is usually localized in the lower abdomen but can also radiate to the lower back and legs. In severe cases, the pain can be debilitating, significantly impacting your quality of life.
Heavy or Irregular Menstrual Cycles
Another common symptom of endometriosis is heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding. You may experience heavy periods that last longer than usual or irregular cycles that occur more frequently than usual. Some women may also experience irregular periods outside their regular menstrual cycle. The majority of the symptoms arise around menstruation. The condition may interfere with a patient’s menstrual cycles.
Digestive Issues
Because endometriosis affects the abdomen, patients may experience digestive symptoms as well, including bloating, nausea, painful bowel movements, diarrhea and constipation. You may also experience pain and cramping in the stomach and intestines during bowel movements. These symptoms can be severe and can impact your daily life. If you are experiencing these symptoms, it is essential to visit a doctor to rule out other significant health issues such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Pain During Intercourse
Endometriosis can lead to pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse. This pain is due to the inflammation and scarring of the tissues, which cause natural lubrication problems. This painful symptom could also affect your sex life, leading to stress and emotional upheaval. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical advice so that you can enjoy a healthy sex life and improve overall well-being.
Fatigue and Mood Swings
Many women with endometriosis often experience fatigue and mood swings due to the effects of the condition on the body. The pain, discomfort, and stress associated with the disorder could affect your energy levels and psychological well-being. Therefore, it is essential to practice self-care, seek appropriate medical treatment, and speak to a therapist for emotional support.
Complications from Endometriosis
Unfortunately, infertility is a potential complication. The condition may lead to damage of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, preventing the eggs from being released and fertilized. Infertility may also be caused by adhesions that result from endometrial tissue growth, which can prevent the sperm from reaching the egg.
Endometriosis Risk Factors
Researchers have not identified the specific cause of endometriosis. Doctors have associated other health disorders with endometriosis, including asthma, allergies, chronic fatigue syndrome, certain autoimmune disorders and breast and ovarian cancer. Researchers have also managed to link endometriosis to exposure to some chemicals, including phthalates.
However, there are other possible conditions that physicians have identified that may also contribute. Endometriosis can affect anyone, but there are some factors that can make some people more likely to develop it than others.
Age
Although endometriosis can develop at any age, it’s most common in women in their 30s and 40s. This is because estrogen levels are highest during these years, which can contribute to the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Women who started their periods early or who have a shorter menstrual cycle also have a greater risk of developing endometriosis.
Retrograde Menstruation
If a patient has retrograde menstruation, some of the menstrual blood and tissue enters the fallopian tubes and into the pelvis, instead of leaving the body. While it occurs in many women, their immune system effectively clears the blood, preventing complications. However, in some women, the endometrial cells contained in menstrual blood react differently, attaching to pelvic organs and tissues, causing inflammation, scar tissue formation, and endometriosis.
Hormones
Estrogen is the hormone that may cause endometriosis. Researchers suggest that patients with endometriosis may have a hormonal imbalance that causes the endometrium tissues to grow outside the uterus. Endometriosis is strongly linked to hormonal imbalances, particularly high levels of estrogen in the body. This can occur due to several reasons, including obesity, irregular menstrual cycles, or the use of estrogen-based contraceptives. Women with endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disease may also be at higher risk.
Fetal Development
According to studies, a developing fetus can have endometriosis. Research has shown that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during fetal development can increase the risk of endometriosis. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are substances that can mimic or interfere with the natural hormones in the body. A fetus’s exposure to these chemicals during the critical development stages can result in permanent changes in the reproductive system’s structure and hormone levels. A study conducted by the Endometriosis Association found that exposing pregnant rats to dioxins, a group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, increased the rate of endometriosis in their female offspring.
Embryonic Cell Growth
Embryonic cell growth is the process through which embryonic cells give rise to various organs and tissues in the developing fetus. While embryonic cells are supposed to differentiate into specific cell types and stay within their designated area in the body, sometimes they can migrate to other parts of the body and form tissues that are not supposed to be there. This is known as ectopic implantation, and it is one of the hallmarks of endometriosis. When ectopic implantation occurs, the misplaced embryonic cells can grow and form a tissue that behaves like the endometrial lining, leading to endometriosis.
There are two different types of stem cells: adult and embryonic. According to studies, there are embryonic stem cells in the endometrium that turn into endometrial tissue if a patient has retrograde menstruation.
Pelvic Inflammation or Surgical Scarring
Abdominal wall endometriosis is a rare form of the condition. Pelvic infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can lead to inflammation and scarring, as can surgeries such as a C-section or hysterectomy. But researchers hypothesize that a patient can develop endometriosis after a surgical procedure, such as a C-section.
Immune System
According to research, issues with immune system function can cause menstrual tissue to become displaced and fail to produce anti inflammatory substances to stop the inflammation. The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against various infections and diseases, including endometriosis. Women with a weakened immune system are more susceptible to endometriosis than others. This could be due to an autoimmune disorder or chronic inflammation in the body.
Low Body Weight
Studies have shown that women with a lower body weight and body mass index (BMI) are at a higher risk of developing endometriosis. This is because estrogen, a hormone that plays a key role in endometriosis development, is produced in higher amounts in people with lower body weight.
Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle factors may increase the risk of endometriosis. For example, women who smoke may have an increased risk of the condition, as smoking has been found to alter hormone levels and impair the immune system. A poor diet, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise can all contribute to increasing the risk for endometriosis. Additionally, women who are exposed to certain environmental toxins (such as dioxins, which are found in some pesticides and plastics) may have a higher risk of developing endometriosis.
Genetics
There could be a hereditary factor. A woman is more likely to have endometriosis if a relative also has the condition. If your mother, sister, or grandmother has been diagnosed with endometriosis, you’re more likely to develop it yourself. Experts believe that genetics play a significant role in endometriosis, and that certain chromosomes may increase the risk for the disease.
Menstrual Characteristics
Physicians conclude that if a patient has less than 27 days between each menstrual period or if the period lasts for more than seven days, the cycle is labeled abnormal. Each menstruation increases the risk for endometriosis, so an abnormal menstruation puts the patient at a higher risk.
Endometriosis Treatment
Endometriosis symptoms may be similar to other disorders, such as pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts. Patients will need an accurate medical diagnosis to treat the symptoms. First, the physician will take note of the patient’s family or personal history of endometriosis and their symptoms. The doctor may perform a general health evaluation to find out if the patient has signs of another disorder. If the symptoms do not match with any other condition, the doctor will perform a diagnostic test.
Pelvic Exam
A pelvic exam is a standard procedure recommended by doctors to diagnose endometriosis. During a pelvic exam, your doctor will examine your uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. This exam allows the doctor to detect abnormalities, such as masses or scars that may suggest endometriosis. Additionally, a pelvic exam can reveal other conditions that may be causing your symptoms, such as ovarian cysts, fibroids, or infections. Although this exam may feel uncomfortable, it’s a necessary step in diagnosing endometriosis.
Laparoscopy
The best way to identify endometriosis is by looking at it directly, using a minor procedure called laparoscopy. During this procedure, the surgeon inserts a tiny camera into your abdomen, allowing them to examine your pelvis in detail. This surgery is the most reliable method for diagnosing endometriosis, and it can also be used to treat the condition. If endometriosis is detected, the surgeon can remove the lesions, adhesions, or cysts through small incisions, minimizing scarring. Laparoscopy is a safe and effective procedure that can provide women with long-term relief from endometriosis symptoms.
Imaging Exams
If your doctor suspects that you have endometriosis, they may recommend imaging tests such as ultrasound, MRI, or a CT scan. These tests can help your doctor identify any significant changes in the structures of your reproductive system. For example, a transvaginal ultrasound can help detect the presence of endometrial implants on your ovaries or other pelvic organs. Additionally, an MRI can show lesions and cysts in the pelvic region. Imaging tests are non-invasive and painless, making them an excellent option for diagnosing endometriosis. All methods produce pictures of the reproductive system. They may help the doctor detect cysts linked to endometriosis.
Second Opinions
If you suspect you may have endometriosis but have been told otherwise by your medical provider, it may be beneficial to seek a second opinion. It is often misdiagnosed or ignored, so it is important to advocate for yourself and seek out a healthcare provider who is knowledgeable about this condition.
Endometriosis Treatment
The treatment varies based on factors such as the severity of the disease, age of the woman, fertility, and overall health conditions. The treatment approach includes a combination of pharmacological, surgical, and alternative therapies. If you’re experiencing endometriosis symptoms, seek medical advice, and explore these viable treatment options
Pain Medications
One of the main symptoms of endometriosis is severe pain during menstrual periods. Painkillers, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetaminophen, can help relieve the discomfort associated with this condition. Prescription pain medication and nerve block injections can provide more robust solutions for pain management.
Complementary Therapies
Complementary therapies such as relaxation, yoga, and even exercise can also help alleviate endometriosis pain. These therapeutic techniques activate the parasympathetic nervous system, causing the release of endorphins and promoting relaxation. Some experts believe that mental health activities like psychotherapy or counseling techniques also help women deal with the emotional toll of endometriosis and anxiety related to the condition.
Mind-Body Therapy
Mind-Body Therapy (MBT), also known as cognitive-behavioral therapy, is a combination of psychological therapy and counseling. MBT aids individuals to develop coping mechanisms to manage pain, reduce stress, and manage any change in mood as a result of endometriosis. MBT involves relaxation strategies, focusing the mind, and gaining an understanding of various emotional states and having practical tools to manage them.
Hormone Therapy
A doctor may also prescribe medications that reduce the amount of estrogen the body produces. A doctor may also prescribe GnRH agonists that induce the patient to a temporary state similar to menopause. Hormonal therapies that regulate the menstrual cycle, such as birth control pills, patches and vaginal rings, can also be helpful in reducing endometrial tissue growth, thus reducing symptoms like pelvic pain and heavy bleeding. Hormone-based treatments, or therapies that artificially induce menopause, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), are also effective in treating endometriosis symptoms by suppressing ovarian hormone production. Although, medications bring relief, they do have side effects like weight gain, nausea, headache or irregular menstrual cycles that need to be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Aromatase Inhibitors
This is a more recent form of hormone therapy treatment. Aromatase inhibitors block aromatase, a chemical that increases estrogen production in the body. As opposed to oral contraceptives and GnRH medication, aromatase inhibitors do not suppress ovarian estrogen. Rather, they only suppress extra-ovarian estrogen synthesis. According to research, this makes the medication particularly useful for postmenopausal women.
Surgery
If a patient suffers from severe symptoms, a doctor may recommend surgery to remove or eliminate endometrial growths without destroying the reproductive organs. Endometriosis surgery is necessary in severe cases where the disease affects the ovaries, bladder, or bowel. The goal of surgery is to remove as much problematic tissue as possible while preserving the patient’s fertility.
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy, a type of minimally invasive surgery, is a common surgical treatment for endometriosis. The surgeon makes a small incision in the abdominal area, inserts a thin, lighted tube with a small camera called a laparoscope, thus allowing a surgeon to remove endometrial tissue. Laparoscopy surgery can remove endometriotic lesions, prevent the accumulation of cysts and adhesions and prevent further damage to reproductive organs, thereby restoring the chances of pregnancy.
Laparotomy Surgery
Laparotomy is a surgical procedure that is performed under general anesthesia. During this procedure, the surgeon makes a large incision in the abdomen to gain access to the affected area. This procedure is used for several conditions, including the removal of ovarian cysts, the repair of a perforated bowel, and the removal of endometriosis patches. The length of the incision depends on the purpose of the surgery and the size of the affected area.
Laparotomy surgery can help ease the pain and discomfort associated with endometriosis. The surgery can also help improve fertility in those who are trying to conceive. Removing the patches of endometrial tissue can help prevent further damage to the internal organs and reduce the risk of other complications associated with endometriosis.
Hysterectomy
In severe cases, a doctor may recommend a full or partial hysterectomy. During a full hysterectomy, the surgeon completely removes the uterus and the cervix. In a partial procedure, the surgeon removes the upper portion of the uterus and leaves the cervix. If endometriosis spreads to the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the surgeon may remove those organs as well. It is a common procedure and very safe. But like any surgery, patients can experience complications, including fever, infection, heavy bleeding or blood clots. After a hysterectomy, the patient is no longer able to conceive. Patients should seek medical advice and consider their options very carefully before choosing to undergo a hysterectomy, especially if they are considering having children.
Home Remedies for Endometriosis
There are several different alternative and complementary treatment options, including acupuncture, herbal medicine and chiropractic methods. However, there is limited evidence to prove that these treatments work and to what extent. Patients must work to finding a pain management system that works for them.
Castor Oil Packs
Castor oil packs are a popular home remedy for endometriosis. They work by stimulating blood circulation, reducing inflammation, and relieving pain. To prepare a castor oil pack, soak a clean cloth or flannel in castor oil and place it onto your abdomen. Cover the pack with a plastic wrap and place a heating pad on top. Leave the pack on for at least 45 minutes, and repeat the process a few times a week.
Heat
Placing a hot water bottle or heating pad on the lower abdomen or having a warm bath can help relax contracting pelvic muscles, possibly reducing pain. Heat is a common remedy for menstrual cramps and may provide immediate or gradual relief for some patients. One study examined the effectiveness of heating pads on 81 patients suffering painful periods. The researchers discovered that a mild heating pad offered the same amount of relief as Ibuprofen.
Massage Therapy
Massage therapy has been used for centuries as a healing practice that promotes relaxation and reduces pain, tension, and anxiety. By applying pressure to specific areas of the body, massage can increase blood flow, reduce inflammation, and release tight muscles. For women with endometriosis, massage therapy can help to reduce tension in the pelvic area and ease menstrual cramping, ultimately leading to a decrease in pain and discomfort. In a 2010 study, researchers discovered that gently massaging the pelvic region—the abdomen, back and sides—helped reduce menstrual pain linked to endometriosis. Massaging this area immediately before menstruation starts may help make it a lot more comfortable.
Diet
Researchers also recommend making dietary changes to control endometriosis pain. One study suggests that consuming bladderwrack (a brown seaweed) may help reduce estrogen and the rate of tissue growth. Another study suggests that consuming large amounts of fruit in a sample size may increase the likelihood of endometriosis, as well as large amounts of dietary fat.
Light Exercise
Regular exercise releases endorphins, “feel good” hormones that can relieve pain. It may also help reduce the body’s estrogen levels and improve symptoms. Stretching before and after every workout can help, as well as support the body in exercise. Regular exercise can help relieve symptoms of endometriosis by improving blood circulation, reducing inflammation, and releasing endorphins, which are natural painkillers. Exercise can also help to boost your mood and reduce stress, which can help to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Aim to do at least 30 minutes of moderate light exercise each day, such as walking, yoga, or swimming.
Stress Management
Researchers believe that stress has a negative impact on endometriosis. However, the condition itself may cause patients stress or anxiety from the pain and other potential side effects. But it may be possible to relieve symptoms by finding ways to control stress—whether it’s through meditation, yoga or simply find time for self-care. It is also wise to consult a therapist for techniques and tips on managing stress.
Supplements for Endometriosis
Supplements, including herbal ones, may be able to help relieve symptoms and promote reproductive health. While there’s no cure for endometriosis, there are treatments available to manage its symptoms and improve quality of life. In this post, we’ll discuss natural supplements that can help with pain and reproductive health for endometriosis. From vitamins and minerals to herbal remedies, we’ll explore how these supplements work and which ones to consider speaking with your doctor about taking.
Diindolylmethane (DIM)
Research suggests that this antioxidant can help support overall female metabolism. Diindolylmethane (DIM) may also help relieve premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. Take 100 to 200 mg of diindolylmethane (DIM) powder once or twice a day, or following a doctor’s instructions.
Chasteberry
Experts claim that chasteberry may be able to boost female reproductive health. It interacts with the pituitary glands, balancing estrogen and progesterone levels. It might even regulate menstrual cycles and prevent some forms of cancer and symptoms associated with PMS and menopause. Take 800 mg of chasteberry extract powder once a day with a beverage, unless a doctor recommends a different dosage.
Soy Isoflavone
Soy isoflavone supplement may benefit heart health, promote strong bones and relieve menopause symptoms. Isoflavones are a type of phytoestrogen that mimics estrogen in the body. They can help regulate hormonal balance and reduce inflammation. Some studies have shown that soy isoflavones can reduce the risk of endometriosis and improve symptoms like pain and menstrual irregularity. Take 150 mg of soy isoflavone powder once a day, or as instructed by a physician.
Milk Thistle
Milk thistle is a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant that promotes liver function and heart health. It can also boost skin health, which menstruation can interfere with. Additionally, it may also benefit breast milk production and improve milk supply. As a dietary supplement, take 250 mg of milk thistle extract powder a day, or as instructed by a doctor.
Melatonin
Melatonin is an extremely potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Additionally, it can also help support sleep if endometriosis pain interrupts patients’ rest. Take 1 to 3 mg of melatonin powder before bedtime. Consult with a doctor before using melatonin regularly because overuse can have long term side effects.
Omega-3 fatty acids
These essential fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that can mitigate endometriosis pain. They are found in fish, plant-based sources like chia seeds, flaxseeds, and walnuts, and omega-3 supplements like fish oil. Speak with your doctor before starting a dietary regime change.
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine (NAC)
Infertility is a possible complication from endometriosis. But N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC) may be able to stimulate ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that struggle with fertility. As a dietary supplement, take 600 mg of NAC powder up to three times a day, unless a physician recommends a different dosage.
Pine Bark Extract
This powerful antioxidant helps fight damage from free radicals. Pine bark extract may lower inflammation, promote healthy skin and even address heart risks associated with menopause. As a dietary supplement, take 250 mg of pine bark extract per day. Consult with a physician before supplementing with pine bark extract.
Ginger Root
The natural anti-inflammatory properties in ginger root are ideal for reducing inflammation in the body. It may also relieve digestive discomfort, which some patients experience as a result of endometriosis. Take 1,000 mg of ginger root extract powder once a day, or as instructed by a doctor.
The Bottom Line
Endometriosis is a painful condition that causes the tissue that normally grows within the uterus to form outside of it. Because this excess tissue still responds to hormonal triggers, during the menstrual cycle it builds up and sheds as uterine lining is supposed to. However, because it forms outside of the uterus, it gets trapped and causes extremely severe pain. Those who have not experienced the condition commonly misunderstand the pain and assume it is just “bad cramps.” However, endometriosis pain can be very intense. If you are experiencing severe pain around the menstrual cycle seek medical advice to express any concerns.
The condition may also cause irregular menstrual cycles, digestive problems and even infertility in some cases. There is no identifiable cause for endometriosis, but risk factors include genetics, surgical scarring and embryonic stem cell growth. Thankfully, there are several forms of treatment, including simple home remedies such as exercise, massage therapy, stress management or heat for pain management. Patients may also find relief from pain medication and hormone therapy. However, the only way to completely prevent symptoms from returning is a hysterectomy, a procedure that removes the uterus. It is a very common and safe procedure.
Patients can also try supplements that can support overall female reproductive health and reduce inflammation in the body. Before trying any supplement, speak to a doctor and consider the potential side effects and drug interactions if the patient has any underlying or untreated medical conditions. Supplements are not a replacement for any medical condition, although they may have a positive effect on overall health.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.