Updated: 11/16/23
Are you feeling more sluggish than usual? Do you suffer from recurrent coughs or other minor ailments that just won’t go away? It may be time to take a deeper look at your body and investigate if leukopenia is the cause of your weakened state. Leukopenia is a condition where your white blood cell count is lower than normal, making it harder for your body to fight off infections and defend itself against illness-causing bacteria and viruses. Fortunately, with the right supplements, it’s possible to boost those white blood cells back up, restoring our strength and health. Read on for some helpful information about what causes leukopenia, how to confirm a diagnosis of leukopenia, as well as ways in which we can address this issue through natural supplementation.
What is Leukopenia?
Let’s take a closer look at what white blood cells are and why they are so crucial to our health. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are one of the five types of blood cells in our bodies. They are responsible for fighting off any infection, bacteria, viruses, and foreign invaders that enter our bloodstream. When someone has a lower-than-normal amount of these cells in their bloodstream (or when their total white blood cell count is low), this is called leukopenia.
Besides white blood cells, the blood also contains plasma, red blood cells and platelets that stop wounds from bleeding by forming clots. There are five types of white blood cells with different functions, but they all work together in the immune system. Generally, they fall into two groups: granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Granulocytes
Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils fight bacterial and fungal infections and minor inflammations. Eosinophils combat parasitic infections and allergic reactions. Basophils release histamine to counter inflammation from allergies.
Agranulocytes
Agranulocytes includes monocytes and lymphocytes. Monocytes ingest disease-causing organisms and clean up after the neutrophils have done their job. Lymphocytes are made up of three types: B cells that produce antibodies, T-cells that help fight disease and natural killer cells that destroy infected and cancerous cells and reduce fever and inflammation.
Other Blood Disorders
All blood cells die eventually, but the bone marrow continuously makes new ones. The healthy range for white blood cell count is between 4,500 and 11,000 per microliter of blood. A low count (less than 4,500) signals an abnormal reduction in white blood cells. Besides leukopenia, other changes in other blood cell counts are also important health markers.
For example, leukocytosis signals a high white blood cell count, while bandemia is when the blood has a high number of immature blood cells from inflammation or an infection. On the other hand, anemia is a condition characterized by insufficient red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Thrombocytopenia is when there is a low platelet count and the blood cannot clot to stop wounds from bleeding.
Symptoms of Leukopenia
White blood cells or leukocytes are responsible for fighting off infections and keeping us healthy, and if they’re low, then our immune system becomes weaker. We’ll take a closer look at the symptoms of that can be a result of a condition with links to leukopenia that you should never ignore.
Frequent Infections
Leukopenia can cause a shortage of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that’s responsible for fighting off bacterial infections. When the levels of neutrophils are low, you may be prone to getting frequent infections, such as urinary tract infections, sinus infections, and pneumonia. You may also experience recurring infections that take a longer time to heal.
Fatigue and Weakness
White blood cells are also known to help transport oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body. When you have leukopenia, there are not enough white blood cells to do this job effectively. As a result, you may feel more tired and weaker than usual, even if you’ve had enough rest, sleep or food.
Pallor and Lightheadedness
Anemia can be another symptom of leukopenia. Anemia happens when you don’t have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen around your body. This can result in pallor or a pale complexion, especially on your face, gums, or palms. You may also feel lightheaded or dizzy due to the lack of oxygen in your body.
Unexplained Bruising or Bleeding
Leukopenia can also cause a shortage of platelets, a type of blood cell responsible for clotting and stopping bleeding. When you have low platelets, you may notice unexplained bruises, tiny red spots on the skin, or bleeding gums. These symptoms may be an early sign of a more serious blood disorder, such as leukemia.
Janeway Lesions
Janeway lesions are rare but can be a symptom of leukopenia. They appear as small red or purple spots on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet. These spots are painless and flat, making them difficult to notice. However, if you see these spots, it’s crucial to seek medical attention since they may be a sign of a more severe underlying condition.
Fever
One of the most common symptoms of leukopenia is fever. A person with this condition may develop a prolonged fever without any apparent cause. This happens because the body is unable to fight off the infection due to the low levels of white blood cells.
Mouth Sores
Mouth sores and ulcers are another symptom of leukopenia. These sores can be painful and make it difficult for you to eat and talk. They may also be indicative of an underlying condition that needs to be addressed.
Skin Rashes
Leukopenia can also cause skin rashes. You may notice small red, itchy patches on your skin. These rashes can be a sign of an infection or inflammation in your body.
Diarrhea
Another common symptom of leukopenia is diarrhea. This may be caused by a decrease in the number of white blood cells in your gut, which can make it harder for your body to digest food properly. If you’re experiencing diarrhea that’s persistent and doesn’t respond to over-the-counter treatments, it’s important to see your doctor.
Unexplained Fatigue
Lastly, people with leukopenia often experience unexplained fatigue. They may get tired easily even after performing simple tasks. This is because their body is unable to work at its optimal level.
Causes of Leukopenia
Leukopenia results from a factor that reduces white blood cell production or one that causes the body to overuse them. However, it may be a result of both. In some cases, leukopenia may be hereditary, although this is very rare. Most of the time it results from another factor.
Infections and Viruses
One of the most common causes of leukopenia is infections and viruses. Certain infections like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, can affect the production of white blood cells, leading to a low count. Additionally, viruses like the flu, measles, and chickenpox can also impact white blood cell production, leading to a decreased count.
Bone Marrow Disorders
The bone marrow is a spongy tissue found inside the bones that produces blood cells, including white blood cells. Any issue that disrupts the bone marrow function can lead to leukopenia. There are several bone marrow disorders that can cause leukopenia, such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and aplastic anemia. These disorders can impair the bone marrow’s ability to produce healthy white blood cells, leading to a decrease in their count.
Medications
Certain medications can also be a cause of leukopenia. Chemotherapy, which is used to treat cancer, can severely impact white blood cell count, leading to a low count. Additionally, medications like antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics can also impact production, leading to a low count. If you’re taking any of these medications, be sure to talk to your doctor about the possibility of leukopenia and what you can do to avoid it.
Radiation Therapy
Like chemotherapy, radiation therapy is a commonly used treatment for cancer. However, it can also impact the production of white blood cells, leading to a low count. If you’re undergoing radiation therapy, it’s important to discuss the potential for leukopenia with your doctor and monitor your white blood cell count closely.
Autoimmune Disorders
Autoimmune disorders like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to leukopenia. When the body’s immune system begins attacking healthy cells, it can impact the production of white blood cells, leading to a low count.
Genetic Factors
In rare cases, genetic factors can contribute to leukopenia. These conditions include Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Fanconi anemia, and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, which can affect the production of white blood cells and trigger the development of Leukopenia.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Finally, nutritional deficiencies can also be a cause of leukopenia. A lack of vitamin B12, folic acid, and copper can all impact the production of white blood cells, leading to a low count. If you suspect a nutritional deficiency may be the cause of your leukopenia, be sure to speak with your doctor about supplementation or dietary changes.
Diagnosing Leukopenia
To diagnose leukopenia, your doctor may order a complete blood cell count (CBC) to determine if your white blood cell count is within healthy limits. A hematologist may perform additional testing, including bone marrow analysis, to determine the underlying cause of your leukopenia. This testing will help determine whether it’s due to a medication, an autoimmune disorder, or a cancer such as leukemia.
Managing Leukopenia
Diet and Nutrition
The first and most important way to manage leukopenia is through a healthy and balanced diet. A diet rich in vitamins and minerals can help stimulate the production of white blood cells. Ensure you eat plenty of green leafy vegetables, fruits, legumes, and lean protein sources. Additionally, consider taking supplements recommended by your healthcare provider, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc.
Avoid Infections
People with leukopenia have a weak immune system and are more prone to infections. As such, it is crucial to take extra precautions to avoid infections. Wash your hands regularly, use hand sanitizer, avoid contact with sick people, and wear a mask in crowded places. Also, ensure you maintain optimal personal hygiene practices, such as regular teeth brushing and bathing.
Get Enough Rest and Exercise
Exercising and getting enough sleep can help boost your immune system and improve your overall health. Moderate exercise, like walking or yoga, can keep you active and help maintain your physical strength. Also, getting adequate rest and sleep is vital as it allows your body to recharge and rejuvenate.
Stay Hydrated
Dehydration is a common side effect of leukopenia. Therefore, it is important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids. It will help eliminate toxins from your body and make your immune system more efficient. Ensure you find a balance between drinking enough fluids and not overloading your body. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine how much fluid you should consume.
Keep Regular Medical Check-ups
Regular medical check-ups are essential when managing leukopenia. Your healthcare provider will monitor your symptoms, conduct blood tests, and recommend treatment options to manage the condition effectively. Follow your physician’s guidance and stay updated with your treatment plan.
Treatment for Leukopenia
Anti-viral or Antibiotic Medications
If the condition is due to a viral or bacterial infection, a healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics or antiviral drugs to get rid of the infection. They may also introduce antifungals if a fungal infection is the cause.
Growth Factors
Growth factors can also be used to manage leukopenia. These are drugs that stimulate bone marrow cells to produce more white blood cells. The medication’s dosage and frequency depend on the severity of your condition and your overall health. This treatment is often used in conjunction with other therapies to boost white blood cell count.
Delaying Chemotherapy
If leukemia is a side effect of cancer treatment like chemotherapy, a healthcare provider may recommend delaying the treatment until your white blood cell count improves. This may protect you from subsequent infections caused by a weak immune system.
Blood Transfusions
In severe cases, blood transfusions may be necessary. Healthcare providers can perform a blood transfusion by replacing white blood cells. This can help boost your immune system and protect you from further infections.
Does Leukopenia Go Away?
If you’ve been diagnosed with leukopenia, there are several steps you can take to boost your white blood cell count and improve your overall health. First and foremost, it’s important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes eating a nutritious diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress through activities like yoga or meditation. Regular exercise can also help boost your immune system and increase your white blood cell count. Additionally, your doctor may recommend supplements, such as vitamin B12 and folate, to help increase your white blood cell count. Finally, make sure to stay up-to-date on your vaccinations and avoid exposure to sick individuals, as this can put additional stress on your immune system.
Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia is a condition that occurs when there are not enough white blood cells in the bloodstream. White blood cells are responsible for fighting off infections and diseases, so when the body doesn’t have enough of them, it can leave individuals vulnerable to illness. There are many causes of leukopenia, including infections, medications, autoimmune conditions, and bone marrow problems. Symptoms of leukopenia include frequent infections, fatigue, fever, and mouth ulcers.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition that occurs when there are too few platelets in the bloodstream. Platelets are responsible for clotting blood and stopping bleeding, so when there aren’t enough of them, individuals may experience excessive bleeding or bruising. Thrombocytopenia can be caused by a range of factors, including certain medications, infections, autoimmune conditions, and immune system problems. Symptoms of thrombocytopenia include excessive bleeding or bruising, nosebleeds, and blood in the urine or stool.
Are Leukopenia and Neutropenia the Same?
Leukopenia and neutropenia are both medical conditions in which the body produces too few white blood cells. White blood cells are key components of the immune system that help fight off infections, viruses, and diseases, among other things. The difference between leukopenia and neutropenia is in the type of white blood cell that has dropped below normal levels. Leukopenia occurs when overall white blood cell counts are low, whereas neutropenia is the medical term for when the number of neutrophils, a specific type of white blood cell, is low.
Supplements for Leukopenia
According to studies, there are several nutrients that may be helpful for improving blood cell count and immune function. Patients may be able to include some of these nutrients in their regular treatment plans. However, it is important to note that dietary supplements are by no means a substitute for legitimate medical advice. It is always best to talk to a doctor if you are experiencing problems with your health before taking any supplements.
Astragalus
This herb has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including boosting the immune system. Studies have shown that astragalus has the ability to increase white blood cell counts, making it a promising supplement for those with leukopenia. You can find astragalus in capsule, tea or powder form. The recommended dosage for astragalus extract powder is 1,300 mg per day with meals. Consult a doctor before taking astragalus supplements.
Vitamin C
Not only does vitamin C help boost your immune system, but studies have shown it can enhance the function of white blood cells. Vitamin C can be found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, but it can also be taken in supplement form. Consider adding a vitamin C supplement to your daily regimen to help increase your white blood cell count.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells, but it can also play a role in increasing white blood cell counts. A deficiency in B12 can lead to leukopenia, so it’s important to make sure you’re getting enough of this vitamin. You can find vitamin B12 in supplement form, or you can increase your intake by consuming more dairy products, eggs, and meat. The recommended dosage for vitamin B12 powder is 100 to 200 mg a day, after consulting a physician.
Echinacea
Echinacea is a flowering plant that has been used for centuries to treat a variety of conditions, including enhancing the immune system. Studies have shown that echinacea can increase white blood cell counts, making it a promising supplement for those with leukopenia. You can find echinacea in capsule or tea form. As a dietary supplement, the recommended dosage for echinacea extract powder is 450 mg once or twice a day.
Zinc
Zinc is a mineral that plays a crucial role in immune function. Studies have shown that zinc can help increase white blood cell counts and improve immune function. You can find zinc in a variety of foods, including oysters, beef, and pumpkin seeds, or you can take it in supplement form.
Vitamin D
Experts describe vitamin D as a natural immune modulator. Medical researchers link low vitamin D levels to several different infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. In one study, vitamin D activated antimicrobial compounds in neutrophils, monocytes and natural killer cells. Researchers also note that it may have a valuable effect on monocyte production and on bone marrow cells. Vitamin D3 supplements are available in softgel and powder form. The recommended dosage is 50 mg per day. Individual needs may vary, so physicians recommend that users start with the lowest dosage. Use an accurate milligram scale because excess amounts of vitamin D may be toxic. Consult a doctor before taking this supplement.
Ginseng Root
From a plant, ginseng root is a traditional remedy with many health benefits, potentially supporting heart and immune system health. In various studies, ginseng helped increase white blood cell counts in cancer patients. Other studies suggested that it may help restore bone marrow after chemotherapy. The recommended dosage for ginseng root extract powder is between 1,000 and 2,000 mg up to twice a day. Make sure to consult a doctor before using this supplement because it may cause side effects and interact with other medications.
Ginger Root
Ginger root is a popular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and it may be able to protect the body from signs of aging and diseases, such as cancer, dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. It may also help high blood pressure by helping blood circulate to the heart more efficiently. In studies, researchers conclude that ginger may be able to significantly raise white blood cell counts. Research also suggests that ginger may be able to stimulate lymphocytes, natural killer cell activity and potentially destroy disease-causing organisms. As a dietary supplement, take 1,000 mg of ginger root extract powder per day with at least 8 oz. of water to avoid heartburn. Make sure to consult a doctor before adding this supplement to a dietary regimen.
Probiotics
Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the gut and are known to support the immune system. Taking probiotic supplements can help improve the health of your gut microbiome, which in turn can improve your overall health and immunity. Probiotics can be found in a variety of foods, including yogurt, kefir, and kimchi.
The Bottom Line
White blood cells play an important role in helping the immune system fight disease. Physicians use the term “leukopenia” to describe a state in which a patient has a low white blood cell count. Leukopenia may be a symptom of several different health conditions, treatments or surgeries. For example, it may result from an infection and though there are no symptoms of leukopenia itself, the patient may show signs of the underlying infection. Low white blood cell count also puts patients at risk for further infections. Leukopenia may be particularly dangerous for patients with cancer, those undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, those with HIV/AIDS or any other patient with a compromised immune system.
Treatment for leukopenia varies depending on the underlying cause. If white blood cell count declines from an infection, the patient may need antibiotics. If it is a result of medication or cancer therapy, the patient’s physician may alter their medication dosage or adjust their course of treatment.
Leukopenia can be a challenging diagnosis, but it is not insurmountable. By adding these supplements to your daily routine, you can help support your immune system and improve your overall health. Patients may also try natural herbs and supplements to help restore white blood cell counts. Studies state that they may be beneficial, but they are not a cure for leukopenia or any other medical condition. Remember, it is always important to talk to your doctor before starting any new supplements. With proper medical care and the right supplements, you can give your body the support it needs to fight off infections and live a healthy, vibrant life.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease
