Updated: 10/17/23
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What is a Sore Throat?
A sore throat is a common condition where the back part of your throat, between your tonsils and voice box, becomes inflamed. It is characterized by pain, irritation, and inflammation of the throat, making it difficult to swallow or speak. It can affect people of all ages and can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, allergens, irritants, or other irritants like tobacco smoke.
A sore throat is medically described as pharyngitis or an acute upper respiratory tract infection. The source of the pain is inflammation in the back of the throat (pharynx), on the tonsils, the back of the tongue and/or the soft palate.
A sore throat is hard to ignore, especially when it hurts to swallow food and liquids. Fortunately, it’s not hard to find relief, either from the home remedy shelf or a physician, depending on what is causing the problem.
Sore Throat Characteristics
Sore throats most often impact school-going youngsters and occur mostly in autumn and winter. Few people avoid ever getting a sore throat, while some get it more often than once a year.
If your sore throat is due to an infection, you may also have a cough, headache, fever and feel drained and unwell in general. Or you may only experience scratchiness or discomfort in your throat, while painful swelling can interfere with swallowing, talking and sleeping. An itchy throat may be a sign of a developing viral or bacterial infection, or point to some kind of allergy.
If you have a sore throat on one side only, it may be due to one of the following:
- A postnasal drip
- Tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils)
- An abscess near the tonsils
- An injury to the throat from sharp-edged food or a burn from hot liquid
- Acid reflux
- A breathing or feeding tube inserted in hospital
- Cancer
How long does a sore throat last? Strep throat and pharyngitis caused by a virus will usually heal completely on their own within about a week, without after-effects.
Less often, a sore throat can cause complications such as middle-ear infection, acute sinus infection, quinsy (pus at the back of the throat), rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation.
Will Sore Throat Cause Fever?
When you have a fever, your body temperature rises above the normal range. Typically, temperatures above 100.4°F (38°C) indicate a fever. In most cases, a sore throat doesn’t cause a fever, but a fever may accompany a sore throat. A fever indicates your body is fighting off an infection, and sometimes, a sore throat is one of the symptoms of the infection.
Causes of Sore Throat
A sore throat is one of those symptoms — such as headache — which can be caused by different ailments. In about 90 percent of cases, however, it is due to a viral infection.
The Common Cold
When a sore throat develops, the culprit is often the common cold. This is a viral infection with other symptoms including a runny or blocked nose, sneezing, coughing, body aches, a slight fever and sometimes laryngitis (inflammation of the voice box).
The Flu
The flu is a viral infection. Symptoms include laryngitis, a dry cough, blocked nose, fever with chills and sweating, aching muscles and tiredness.
COVID-19
One of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 is a sore throat. Though it might appear to be a common cold at first, it’s essential to get tested as soon as possible to avoid spreading the virus.
Allergies
Allergies can cause a sore throat due to a postnasal drip which irritates the throat. Typical allergens are pet dander, mold, dust, pollen or a specific medication.
Croup
An infection which causes a cough or sore throat in an adult may cause the characteristic croup “barking cough” and hoarseness in young children. The voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea) are inflamed and breathing may be difficult. Croup is also known as laryngotracheobronchitis.
Viral Infections
One of the most common reasons for a sore throat is a viral infection, which is usually accompanied by other symptoms like cough, fever, headache, and body ache. The flu, common cold, and mononucleosis are some of the most common viral infections causing a sore throat, which are contagious and spread through coughing, sneezing, or touch.
Bacterial Infections
While less common, bacterial infections like strep throat can also cause a sore throat. Streptococcal bacteria can cause more severe symptoms than viral infections, such as high fever, swollen lymph nodes, and white spots on the throat. Bacterial infections require prompt medical attention and antibiotics to clear up.
Acid Reflux
Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), can also cause a sore throat. The acid from the stomach can travel upwards to the esophagus and throat, causing irritation and inflammation. Other symptoms of acid reflux include heartburn, regurgitation, and bloating.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors like air pollution, cigarette smoke, and dry air can also lead to a sore throat. Some professions, such as teaching or singing, may put someone more at risk of developing a sore throat due to prolonged and strenuous use of the voice. Avoiding these irritants when possible, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water, and using a humidifier to add moisture to the air can help to reduce symptoms.
Dry Air
Dry air, especially during winters or in places with dry climates, can lead to dryness and irritation in the throat. Using a humidifier indoors, drinking plenty of water, limiting caffeine and alcohol consumption, and avoiding smoking can help prevent a dry, sore throat.
Straining Your Voice
Overusing or straining your voice, such as yelling, singing, or speaking too loudly, can cause irritation in the throat and lead to a sore throat.
Sore Throat from Allergies
Sore throats from allergies can be uncomfortable, but thankfully, there are several simple things you can do to find relief. Drinking plenty of fluids, using a humidifier, gargling with saltwater, using essential oils, and resting your body and voice can all help to alleviate your symptoms and help you feel better. If your symptoms don’t improve after several days, be sure to see a doctor as more severe cases may require more intensive treatment.
Sore Throat with Cough
A sore throat with a nagging cough can be a painful and frustrating experience, especially if it disrupts your daily activities and sleep. This condition is common and could be caused by various factors, such as a viral infection, sinus infection, allergies, and smoking, among others. While it is essential to seek medical attention if the symptoms persist, there are several effective ways to mitigate the soreness and irritation that comes with a sore throat with a cough and get back your comfort. In this post, we will explore some remedies that could ease your symptoms, boost your immunity, and speed up the healing process. Keep reading to learn more.
Sore Throat with White Spots
Strep Throat
One of the most common causes of a sore throat with white spots is strep throat, which is caused by the streptococcus bacteria. Other symptoms of strep throat include a fever, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes. If you suspect you have strep throat, it’s important to see a doctor right away as it can be treated easily with antibiotics.
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an infection of the tonsils, which are the two lymph nodes located at the back of your throat. The symptoms of tonsillitis are similar to strep throat, but the white spots may be more prominent. In severe cases, surgery to remove the tonsils may be recommended.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is a fungal infection that can occur in the mouth or throat, especially in people with weakened immune systems. It can cause white patches to form on the tongue, inside the cheeks, and on the back of the throat. Treatment for candidiasis typically involves antifungal medication.
Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis, also known as “mono,” is a viral infection that can cause a sore throat with white spots, as well as fatigue, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. There is no specific treatment for mono, but rest, hydration, and avoiding contact sports and heavy lifting for a few weeks can help you recover.
Sore Throat Treatment
Hydrate, Hydrate, Hydrate
Drinking lots of fluids is the simplest and most effective way to relieve sore throat symptoms. Water, warm tea, and soup can help soothe the inflammation and provide extra moisture to dry out mucus. Additionally, fluids can help flush out any bacteria or virus that may be causing the sore throat. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can dehydrate the body and irritate the throat.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar is a natural antimicrobial substance that can help fight off the bacteria causing your sore throat. Mix 1-2 tablespoons of unfiltered apple cider vinegar into a glass of warm water and drink it down. You can also add honey to make the taste more palatable.
Try Over-the-counter Medications
If you can’t find relief through natural remedies, it may be time to turn to over-the-counter medications. Products like lozenges, throat sprays, and pain relievers may help ease the pain. Lozenges can be particularly helpful as they contain ingredients like eucalyptus, menthol, and anesthetics that can numb the throat and reduce discomfort.
Throat Lozenges and Sprays
Over-the-counter throat lozenges and sprays can help numb the throat and reduce pain. Look for products that contain menthol, eucalyptus, or benzocaine. Do not use these products for longer than directed or if you have underlying medical conditions such as allergies or asthma.
Get Enough Rest
Resting is crucial to allow your body to recover from sore throat. Avoid strenuous activities and rest your voice as much as possible. Adequate sleep can help boost the immune system and prevent further infections.
Seek Medical Attention
If your sore throat is persistent or you’re having trouble swallowing, it’s time to see a doctor. It could be an indication of a serious condition. Additionally, if your sore throat is accompanied by a fever, rash, or headache, it’s best to seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Sore Throat Remedies and Supplements
Many people simply treat a sore throat at home with an analgesic such as acetaminophen. When there is no improvement after two weeks, or there are severe symptoms, medical advice or even emergency help should be sought. Examples of worrying signs are a fever above 101°F, drooling, bleeding, lumps in the neck, difficulty breathing, inability to drink fluids and earache.
For those who want to ease the sore throat accompanying a cold or the flu with an alternative treatment, there are several home remedies with proven therapeutic properties available, including herbal teas for sore throat.
As with all supplements meant to promote general well-being, it is important to note that the remedies listed here are by no means a substitute for legitimate medical advice. It is always best to talk to a doctor if you are experiencing problems with your health before taking any supplements.
Salt Water Gargle
Gargling with salt water can be an effective remedy for a sore throat. Salt is a natural antiseptic, which means it can help kill bacteria and reduce inflammation. To make a saltwater gargle, mix 1/2 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and gargle for 30 seconds before spitting it out.
Herbal Tea
Drinking tea made with herbs can be a soothing and effective remedy for a sore throat. Some herbs that can help alleviate sore throat pain include ginger, chamomile, and peppermint. You can make these teas by steeping the herbs in hot water for several minutes.
Essential Oils
Essential oils are highly concentrated plant extracts that have been used in traditional medicine for many years. Many essential oils have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that can help relieve sore throats. Some of the most popular essential oils for sore throats include peppermint, eucalyptus, and tea tree oil. You can add a few drops of these oils to a diffuser or humidifier to help ease your symptoms.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is an important nutrient for a healthy immune system. It can also help reduce inflammation and speed up the healing process. You can get vitamin C from citrus fruits, berries, and supplements.
Zinc
Zinc is a mineral that has been shown to help reduce the severity and duration of colds and sore throats. It can also help boost the immune system. Zinc can be found in oysters, beef, chicken, and supplements.
Slippery Elm
Slippery elm is an herbal remedy that has been used for centuries to treat sore throats. It contains a gel-like substance that coats the throat and helps to soothe irritation. You can find slippery elm in lozenge form or as a supplement.
Marshmallow Root
Marshmallow root extract powder is not an ingredient of marshmallow candy, but a natural anti-inflammatory compound taken from the marshmallow plant root. It is used to relieve allergies, cold symptoms and stomach ache. It is also a folk remedy for reflux and heartburn.
A gelatin-like substance within the marshmallow root coats and lubricates the lining of the stomach and throat, easing inflammation, pain and irritation. In one study, marshmallow root was proven effective for this use. In others, it was shown to be a fast-acting remedy for coughing and throat irritation.
Marshmallow root extract powder has very few side effects as long as the suggested serving is not exceeded — 1,200 mg (about ¼ teaspoon) to be taken once or twice daily, or as directed by a physician. Marshmallow root may affect blood sugar levels and should not be taken before or after surgery. Before using this supplement, consultation with a physician is recommended.
Licorice Root
Licorice root extract powder may ease coughs and headaches, promote digestion and boost the immune system. In studies, licorice was found to have properties similar to aspirin which ease throat pain. It was also effective in significantly relieving pain caused by the removal of breathing tubes.
The recommended dosage for licorice extract powder is 600 mg (scant ¼ teaspoon) daily, or as directed by a physician. The product is not intended for long-term use. Common side effects may include fatigue, low potassium levels and water retention. Provided the suggested serving size is not exceeded, this product should be safe for use by healthy adults. However, pregnant and nursing women should not use it. Licorice root naturally contains glycyrrhizin which may elevate the heart rate. Do not exceed the dosage, take the product if you are on a high-sodium diet or have existing heart problems. Always consult with a physician.
Ginger
Ginger root extract powder is an age-old remedy with proven healing properties. It comes from the same botanical family as cardamom and turmeric, and has been used for thousands of years. The rhizome contains gingerol, a bioactive compound with antioxidant and antacid effects.
Possessing many health benefits, ginger is mostly recognized for its soothing anti-inflammatory effects on the digestion and promotion of gastro-intestinal health. In one study, it was shown to have antibacterial properties as well, significantly reducing disease-causing bacteria in the throat.
The dosage for ginger root extract powder is 1,000 mg (about ½ teaspoon) daily, taken with at least 8 ounces of water to prevent heartburn, or as directed by a physician. For the average healthy adult, side effects of excess ginger include heartburn and mild stomach discomfort. Although ginger has been used to relieve morning sickness, pregnant and nursing women should consult with a physician before taking this product. Ginger can lower blood sugar and anyone taking diabetes medication, or who has taken it, should consult with a physician before using ginger.
Chamomile
Chamomile extract powder is not only an anti-inflammatory and anti-histamine, but also a calming agent and digestive aid. It promotes healthy skin and provides relief from premenstrual symptoms. Studies have shown it to be effective in relieving pain, fighting infection and improving sleep.
Chamomile, a member of the daisy family, naturally contains flavonoids and terpenoids. Its main active compounds possess many health benefits.
The dosage for chamomile extract powder is 800 mg with water once or twice daily, or as directed by a physician. It can cause drowsiness; use with caution and do not drive or operate heavy machinery if you experience these effects. Anyone with ragweed allergies should not take chamomile. Pregnant and nursing women should consult with a physician before taking this product.
Honey
Besides having potent antibacterial properties, honey keeps wounds moist when applied directly as well as creating a protective coating against infection. It has also been proven an effective painkiller after tonsillectomy.
Tualang and manuka honeys are deemed more potent than other varieties. In one study, undiluted tualang honey taken by mouth was found to speed up healing of strep throat. In a different study, manuka honey was seen to slow down the reproduction of the flu virus.
Another study found that honey reduced coughing in children and helped them sleep. Infants younger than a year should not consume honey due to the possibility of botulism infection. You can mix honey and apple cider vinegar into warm water and drink it like a tea, or you can just spoon it directly into your mouth. Be sure to use raw, organic honey for maximum benefits.
Strep Throat Remedies
Strep throat responds well to antibiotics and this treatment is recommended to prevent complications such as scarlet fever, acute rheumatic fever, abscess formation, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Over-the-counter pain medications such as acetaminophen, as well as herbal teas such as licorice root extract tea, can clear the infection.
Use Steam to Soothe Your Throat
Inhaling steam has great benefits when you have a sore throat. Steam helps moisten and soothe the throat, making it suitable enough for swallowing. Boil water and transfer the boiling water to a bowl. Put a towel on your head and inhale the steam for 10-15 minutes. You can add essential oils such as eucalyptus or tea tree oil to the bowl to make the steam more effective.
Drink Warm Liquids
Staying hydrated is crucial when you have strep throat. Drink warm liquids such as herbal tea, green tea, or warm water with honey and lemon. These liquids not only soothe the throat but also keep you hydrated and speed up the healing process.
Use a Humidifier
Adding moisture to the air with a humidifier can help alleviate sore throat symptoms. Dry air irritates the throat, making it more difficult to swallow. Set the humidifier to a comfortable level and keep it running throughout the day.
What to Eat with a Sore Throat
Soft foods and liquids are preferable to crunchy, rough-textured foods that will irritate the throat. The best foods for a sore throat are easy-to-swallow meals and snacks such as warm soups, broth, mashed foods, soft-cooked pasta and sauce, smoothies, shakes, Jell-o and yogurt.
Drinking plenty of liquids keeps the throat hydrated, which helps it heal. Avoid hot foods and drinks, although some people find ice-cold popsicles soothing. Caffeine and alcohol are dehydrating and therefore not recommended.
Foods to Avoid
When you have a sore throat, there are certain foods you should avoid to help reduce inflammation and prevent further irritation. Avoid acidic foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, and vinegar. Spicy foods, alcohol, and caffeine can also aggravate your throat, so it’s best to avoid them as well.
The Bottom Line
Sore throats can be unpleasant, but that doesn’t mean they’re untreatable. By trying some of these natural remedies and over-the-counter medications, getting rest and drinking plenty of fluids, you can say goodbye to that scratchy sensation and get back to your normal activities. However, don’t hesitate to seek medical attention if your sore throat persists or becomes more severe.
A sore throat is an uncomfortable condition that can disrupt your daily routine, but there are many natural remedies and supplements that can help ease your symptoms. From gargling salt water to taking zinc supplements, there are plenty of options to try. Also, be sure to take care of yourself by drinking plenty of fluids, getting enough rest, and avoiding irritants like cigarette smoke or pollution. With a little bit of care and some helpful remedies, you can say goodbye to sore throats and enjoy better health.
There are plenty of all-natural sore throat remedies and supplements that you can try to help ease your symptoms and speed up your recovery. From honey and ginger to salt water and slippery elm, there are plenty of options to choose from. Just be sure to talk to your doctor before trying any new supplements, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have any underlying health conditions. With a little patience and TLC, you’ll be feeling better in no time!
