Updated: 10/4/23
Mastitis can be a debilitating condition for nursing mothers. Left unchecked, the infection in the breast tissue can spread and lead to a lack of milk production and nutritional deficits for the infant. Dealing with mastitis is no walk in the park – between fever, pain, fatigue, and swollen breasts that are hot to touch – it’s often an unpleasant battle. But don’t despair! The good news is by getting help as soon as possible you can catch this medical condition early and make sure that both mother and child get maximum benefits from breastfeeding properly. In this blog post we’ll explore key steps that will help nip your mastitis infection in the bud. So if you’re health conscious mom-to-be dealing with her first evidence of mastitis or just looking for preventative information then read on – it could ensure proper nourishment and optimal wellness for everyone involved!
What is Mastitis?
Breastfeeding is undoubtedly the best way to provide complete nutrition to your baby for the first few months. But, along with the numerous benefits, mothers may face some challenges as well. One of the most common breastfeeding-related issues is Mastitis. Mastitis is a painful condition that occurs when the breast tissue becomes inflamed due to an infection or blockage. It can be worrying for nursing mothers, but with prompt treatment and proper care, it can be managed.
The breast consists of a few veins and ducts, which lead to the shaded region called the areola and the nipple. The milk-carrying ducts spread like a wheel’s spokes from the nipple into the inner breast tissue. There are lactiferous ducts underneath the areola. These are filled with milk when a woman just gave birth and during the lactation period. When bacteria infect the milk ducts, this is called mastitis.
The most common occurrence of this breast infection is in the first three months after delivering a baby. However, those who have not delivered a baby recently may also be infected as well as women in the menopausal stage. Chronic mastitis and a very rare cancer form called inflammatory carcinoma usually cause these infections. It can also occur in women who are not breastfeeding as well as men.
Mastitis When Breastfeeding
Mastitis in breastfeeding mothers is usually caused by clogged milk ducts or bacterial infection. When milk ducts become obstructed, milk builds up behind the blockage, leading to inflammation and pain. This condition is known as lactational mastitis. On the other hand, bacterial mastitis is a result of bacteria getting into the clogged milk ducts or through a cracked nipple. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacteria that cause mastitis in breastfeeding mothers.
Lactation mastitis can make the mother’s breast swell and be extremely painful. In severe cases of mastitis, it can force a breastfeeding mother to swap to formula due to the high levels of pain the activity causes. The mother can safely continue to breastfeed while taking antibiotics to treat the infection. However, if the pain is too extreme it is not a problem to use baby formula to supplement while the infection is severe, or to swap entirely if the mastitis is chronic.
Mastitis Symptoms
Breast Swelling
The breasts can swell significantly and become tender. Veins may become more noticeable in your breasts as the swelling takes them nearer to your skin.
Nipple Discharge
Nipple discharge is not always a sign of breast cancer, but it can also be a symptom of mastitis. The nipple may secrete pus, which can be yellow, white, or greenish in color. This discharge may have a foul smell. It’s important to note that not all women with mastitis experience nipple discharge.
Breast Lumps
Breast lumps can be a mastitis symptom, but they are not always present. Women with mastitis may feel a hard, tender lump in their breast tissue. This lump is usually located near the site of inflammation. The lump may also be accompanied by breast pain and tenderness, redness, and warmth.
Skin Redness
You may discover red spots on the breast when you have mastitis. It may stretch to the whole area of the breasts, including the area between them.
Tenderness
The whole breast area can be exceptionally tender, in addition to any pain from nipple cracking that may be in the area.
Fever
Flu-like symptoms such as fever (usually 101 degrees Fahrenheit or higher) or elevated body temperatures, aches, fatigue and frequent chills are also symptoms of mastitis.
Burning Sensation
A burning sensation can either be continuously felt over the whole breast continually, or only during the time of breastfeeding.
Abnormal Milk Appearance
Milk expressed may appear clumpy, lumpy or stringy. Although this milk is safe for babies, some mothers prefer straining out the “lumps.”
Saltier Milk
Due to the elevated salt and chloride content, milk can take on a saltier flavor. Some children may resist/refuse the milk.
Causes of Mastitis
Blocked Milk Duct
It is possible that the ducts can become clogged. Milk trapped inside the breast due to the clogging is a very common cause of mastitis. Due to this, the most important stage of preventing mastitis is frequent and effective expressing. The mother can often feel when this needs to happen. It is indicated by a full or tight feeling in the breasts and can often be tender or painful.
The infection itself is caused by bacteria being present in the lactating mother’s breast. Bacteria from the surface of your skin and your baby’s mouth or fingers can reach the milk ducts through that tiny hole in your nipple’s skin or by the milk duct’s opening. In an unemptied breast, stagnant milk offers a breeding place for bacteria.
Cracked or Bleeding Nipples
This can be a point of access to the milk ducts for the bacteria. These can be points of entry for the bacteria, which can trigger the infection. There are a variety of things that you can do to try and minimize nipples cracking. You can discuss these with your midwife, OBGYN or with other mothers.
Pacifiers and shields for nipples can make the flow of milk slow and may promote infection. Using artificial nipples and pacifiers can influence how the baby latches and may lead to the soreness of the nipples.
Irregular Feeding Due to Refusal of the
Breast
It is normal for babies to go through periods when they simply refuse to latch, though this can cause of significant distress for mothers. If this is occurring, you should be sure to express frequently to make sure that the milk doesn’t become backed up as this can lead to mastitis.
Poor Breastfeeding Techniques
Inappropriate latching, or poor breastfeeding techniques, can contribute to mastitis. Incorrect positioning of the baby during breastfeeding can cause the milk ducts to become blocked, which may lead to an infection. Therefore, it’s essential to seek professional help from a lactation consultant to ensure proper breastfeeding techniques, positioning, and latching. This would not only prevent mastitis but would also promote proper lactation.
Pressure
It is important to ensure that the bra you choose is not too tight or restrictive. Finding a bra and bathing shirt which are gently supportive, preferably without underwires or stiff structuring is a good step to preventing mastitis — and general discomfort during the breastfeeding period. Even a sturdy shoulder strap bag or a baby carrier’s frequent use can trigger the development of mastitis.
Nutritional Imbalances
Breastfeeding mothers who are not consuming a balanced and nutritious diet may develop mastitis. Malnutrition can lead to decreased resistance to infections, making mothers more vulnerable to mastitis. A healthy and balanced diet goes a long way toward preventing mastitis and promoting overall health.
Smoking
Although the link between smoking and mastitis isn’t clear, research has shown that smoking may have an influence on the breast tissue, which can increase the chances of an infection. Challenge to clear the extra mucus produced by cigarettes can lead to a blocked milk duct, which restricts the flow of milk and eventually causes mastitis. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes can also weaken the immune system, making it easier for bacteria to invade. While it is still unclear how smoking impacts mastitis, it’s evident that giving up smoking is an essential step in reducing the risk of mastitis.
Stress
Stress can also contribute to mastitis. High levels of stress can lead to a decreased immune response and result in a higher susceptibility to infections. Taking care of oneself and avoiding stressors can help prevent these occurrences.
Medical History
Any breast operation in the past, lumps found in the breast or a breast injury can increase the chance of developing mastitis.
Can Mastitis Cause Breast Cancer?
There has been some speculation about the relationship between mastitis and breast cancer in the past. Some studies suggested that women with a history of mastitis may have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. However, more recent studies have not found a direct link between these two conditions. Research shows that mastitis, in and of itself, is not a significant risk factor for breast cancer.
Mastitis Treatment
If you’re experiencing mastitis symptoms, this guide covers everything you need to know about mastitis treatment, including natural remedies, over-the-counter medicines, and lifestyle changes that can reduce inflammation and improve breast health.
Nurse Frequently
Mastitis often occurs when milk flow is blocked and bacteria build up, leading to infection. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to manage mastitis symptoms is to breastfeed more frequently. Frequent nursing encourages milk flow and can prevent blockages. Additionally, it can help relieve breast pain and swelling.
Apply Heat
Another natural remedy for mastitis is to apply heat to the affected breast. Placing a warm compress on the breast for 15-20 minutes several times a day can help reduce inflammation and pain. You can use a warm washcloth or a heating pad to get the same results. However, avoid applying too much heat as it can damage your skin.
Massage
Breast massage can help improve milk flow, reduce blockages, and promote healing in the breast tissue. While nursing, gently massage the breast, focusing on the areas that feel tender or lumpy. You can also use a breast massage tool or ask a lactation consultant for guidance on how to massage your breast correctly.
Rest and Hydration
Rest and hydration are essential for mastitis recovery. Adequate sleep and rest can help your body fight off infection and speed up healing. Aim to drink plenty of water, as dehydration can worsen mastitis symptoms.
Mastitis Medication
Antibiotics
Most commonly prescribed medications for mastitis are antibiotics. Antibiotics work by killing harmful bacteria in the infected breast tissue. Depending on the severity of mastitis, your healthcare provider may prescribe antibiotics for a few days or a week. It is crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you start feeling better within a few days. Quitting antibiotics early increases the risk of recurring mastitis, bacterial resistance, and adverse effects.
Pain relievers
Mastitis is known to cause distressing pain, inflammation, and discomfort. A pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) may be prescribed to help alleviate these symptoms. Pain relievers can be taken alongside antibiotics for optimal relief.
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Inflammation can be a contributing factor to mastitis, leading to pain and swelling. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, corticosteroids, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed medications. They decrease inflammation and can alleviate associated symptoms. These drugs, like all medications, have side effects, and you should seek medical advice before taking them.
Probiotics
Antibiotics commonly prescribed for mastitis can have a negative impact on your gut health. They can kill the good bacteria in your stomach along with the bad bacteria that cause the infection. Taking probiotics, such as lactobacillus acidophilus or bifidobacterium, can help replenish good bacteria and maintain the balance in your gut.
Mastitis Remedies and Supplements
Echinacea
Echinacea is full of antioxidants and is a natural anti-inflammatory agent that can assist in alleviating minor pain caused by mastitis. It is also a popular fix for the common cold or flu as an over-the-counter herbal remedy. The recommended dosage is set at 450 milligrams taken once or twice a day, as directed by your doctor.
While it is generally considered safe, those with autoimmune disorders should not take echinacea as it can make the condition worse. In addition, those with ragweed, daisy and marigold allergies should avoid this supplement. Discontinue use if rash, itching or trouble breathing occurs.
There is a lack of research around the safety of taking echinacea while nursing, so consult your doctor before adding it to your regime.
Lecithin
An increase in lecithin has been suggested as a therapy for plugged milk ducts. The recommended dosage for this treatment is at 3,600-4,800 mg lecithin per day, or one capsule (1,200 milligram) 3-4 times per day unless otherwise directed by your physician.
There are minimal side effects, though common ones are diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain or fullness.
Garlic
Garlic serves as a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is often used to help combat infection. The suggested dosage is two daily servings of 650 mg.
Intake of too much garlic can cause gastrointestinal problems, body odor and bad breath. Further, those taking anticoagulants should take caution, as too much garlic can interfere — especially warfarin.
Those with blood sugar or insulin problems should discuss with their doctor before adding garlic extract to their health regime, as should pregnant women to ensure that it is safe to do so in their current state.
Turmeric
Turmeric is a naturally rich anti-inflammatory herb that can help ease the symptoms of mastitis inflammation. By taking turmeric as a supplement or incorporating it into your meals, this herb can help reduce swelling and pain associated with mastitis.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a popular vitamin that works well with the other enzymes and alternatives. It can also help in strengthening the immune system. Any type of supplement with vitamin C can be useful for any mother suffering from chronic mastitis or plugged ducts. Pregnant women should not take more than 6,000 mg of vitamin C daily or there is a chance that the child may develop scurvy in the womb. All pregnant or breastfeeding women should inform their doctor of planned supplement changes.
There can be severe side effects if levels of vitamin C are too high.
Probiotics
Taking probiotics can help boost your immune system and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria that can cause mastitis. You can consume probiotics through fermented foods, such as yogurt and kimchi, or take a supplement.
Cabbage Leaves
It is sometimes suggested to use cooled or room temperature cabbage leaves to relieve symptoms of engorgement. Researchers have found them to be effective in relieving pain, just like cold packs do. However, despite its pain-relieving effect, there is no evidence that it shortens the duration of the condition.
The Bottom Line
Mastitis and breast abscess are prevalent, but are mainly preventable, occurring in all communities, and creates an impact on breastfeeding. They are primarily triggered by unemptied breast milk. However, mastitis can also be caused by a bacterial infection, which is most likely the secondary cause of this infection.
Minimizing pressure on the breasts, nipple cracking and insufficient expression of milk are the main ways to prevent mastitis. As mastitis is an infection, antibiotics are commonly prescribed. If an abscess has formed and significant pus has accumulated, drainage may be required. Breastfeeding can be performed even when the mother has mastitis and it is safe for the child.
Mastitis can be a challenging problem for breastfeeding moms. However, with the right mastitis remedies and supplements, you can find relief. From hot compress to supplements like turmeric, probiotics, lecithin, and garlic, natural remedies are always effective in preventing and treating breast infections. Just remember to consult with your doctor or lactation consultant before taking any new supplements. With these tips, you can reduce the frequency of mastitis and feel confident in your ability to nourish your little one.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease